![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The primary culprit-carbon dioxide-is invisible and the worst effects can appear remote in both space and time. 2014).Įffective communication of how and why our climate is changing is challenging. However, the area arguably grows more in line with the damage of global temperature change, which can be expected to be superlinear ( Arent et al. In this case, the change may appear to be faster than it is. Possible scientific criticisms of the design include that uncertainty in the temperature data is not visualized and that, despite clearly labeling the temperature limits, a viewer may interpret the area of each circle as representing the change rather than the radius. Figure 1 has been updated from the original version to include data until the end of 2018. The spiral therefore displays global temperature differences relevant to the aim of the Paris Agreement ( United Nations 2016) of “holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2☌ above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5☌.” The different seasonal characteristics of temperature change are also visible, with the largest anomalies appearing in boreal winter, coinciding with the seasonal phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). 2013), we chose to measure change relative to this level. Since average global temperature in 1850–1900 was adopted as an approximation of preindustrial conditions by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( Stocker et al. 2012) which, at the time, included monthly values for global mean surface temperatures from January 1850 until March 2016. The underlying data are the Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit, version 4 (HadCRUT4) temperature dataset ( Morice et al. JF thought this was a great idea and sent an email to EH, who he had never met, including the phrase “this is just a (crazy) thought.” EH found this hard to ignore and so further developed the idea and produced the graphic subsequent email discussions between all the authors refined the design before it was published online. TF suggested that connecting December to the following January to create a spiral would show the evolution of temperatures in a more dynamic way. The original idea for creating a spiral graphic came when author JF showed author TF some earlier graphics produced by author EH which had used stacked horizontal lines to represent global temperatures from January to December in each year since 1850 ( Hawkins 2016b). Department of State ( Buchanan 2016) for their online web pages. It was even shortlisted for a design award ( Kantar Information is Beautiful Awards 2016) and translated into several different languages by the U.S. Prominent people known to have used or shared the graphic include Elon Musk, Bernie Sanders, the artist Banksy, and senior policymakers in the United Kingdom and Australia. For example, the animation was viewed several million times on various Facebook pages and through many online stories (e.g., Mooney 2016 Plumer 2016). ES1 in the online supplement: ) was published on Twitter and subsequently “went viral.” The original tweet ( Hawkins 2016a) has been viewed more than 3.7 million times, but the reach is substantially larger when considering other media channels. On, an animated spiral graphic showing the familiar rise of global temperatures in an unfamiliar way ( Fig. Effectively communicating climate change is an enormous challenge, especially as there is a need to reach broad audiences across the planet. ![]()
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